Discussion:
Insect Ultrasound emissoins.
(too old to reply)
Angelo Campanella
2009-09-12 04:24:53 UTC
Permalink
Dear All:

I just cam back from investigating a situation where a lady was
complaining of sounds that did not cease, typically faint high frequency
sounds within her house and at its outside perimeter. Tinnitus aside
(arbitrary whether she has tinnitus; if so, it's incipient and certainly not
outstanding), I spent an hour or two in nice late summer calm weather
looking for such sounds with a 1/2" mic and a spectrum analyzer that
detected up to about 50 kHz. Besides the usual Ohio fall crickets, etc.
there was a persistent 5.8 kHz emission and an occasional 16 kHz emission on
and off. These were detectable all about the yard and stronger within some
old mature trees.

She said she heard them ( better than I ever did), but they were not her
main complaint.. The 5800 Hz signal was at a level varying from 40 to over
50 dB. I'm not sure of the normal human threshold for the frequency. But I
do know that noise damage to cochlear nerves destroys this frequency range
first, so I did not hear it. The lady's hearing test result had been that
she has good high frequency hearing.

A side issue, perhaps more impotent to us than her travail, is just
exactly what insect is this? A quick look at Wikipedia says that there re
50,000 types of insects - and - counting. So I don't thinks all these guys
have been documented (undocumented insects! what next!) . Also found an
abstract about an investigation of mating spiders that emit (beating of the
male's wings in that case).

================
P. Trematerraa and G. Pavanb

a Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell' Ambiente, University of
Molise, Via Cavour 50, I-86100, Campobasso, Italy

b Centro Interdisciplinare di Bioacustica, University of Pavia, Via
Taramelli 24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy

Received 1 August 1994. Available online 21 February 2000.
Ultrasonic emission in the mating behaviour of three species of Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae, Ephestia cautella (Walk.), E. kuehniella Z. and Plodia
interpunctella (Hb.), is reported. Sounds consist of quite regular sequences
of ultrasonic pulses reaching a frequency of up to 80 kHz, emitted by
wing-fanning males during courtship behaviour. Preliminary results on the
role of the emission in pair-forming is discussed.

Author Keywords: Phiticinae; courtship behaviour; ultrasonic communication

=============================================

This is way out of the range I detectd.

But there was a second sound that I detected around 15 kHz; This was strong
for short whiles, then nil. (mating?). Found it in a few locations about the
property, usually in bushy vegitation. I was able to direction-find
("localize") by rotating with the microphone pointed horizontally; good
front-to back ratio. But a few such maneuvers did not get me close (no big
buildup of intensity beyond about 50 dB @ 16 kHz).

Beating of wings may be the general MO for insect ultrasound production.
Gnats almost certainly are in this category of high frequency sound
emitters.

I didn't solve her problem, just assured her that nothing unusual
technically was going on in her environment..

But the 6 and 15 kHz emissions are real.

I looked at the 1/2" mic output up to about 50 kHz, and saw nothing but a
monotonically demising background noise, perhaps some activity around 30
kHz..

(I have checked the sensitivity of 1/2" mics up to about 50 kHz. At 20 kHz,
there is considerable aperture gain so that on-axis sensitivity is good
there. The aperture gain continues to rise with frequency, but around 40
kHz, the grid causes shadowing and diffraction effects. It takes a lot to
explain and there is a lot to understand. There is a hump at 45 kHz and a
hump at 50 kHz, then much less (work remains to be done). There is the
matter of higher vibration modes of the diaphragm sitting on a chamber of
air.

Anyway, back to Ohio country insect noise in September, My best guess is
that there are critters in the old vegetation having their late summer
soiree's, and I sure wish I could know who they are.

Angelo Campanella
Kari Pesonen
2009-09-16 11:21:35 UTC
Permalink
Post by Angelo Campanella
I just cam back from investigating a situation where a lady was
complaining of sounds that did not cease, typically faint high frequency
sounds within her house and at its outside perimeter. Tinnitus aside
(arbitrary whether she has tinnitus; if so, it's incipient and certainly
not outstanding), I spent an hour or two in nice late summer calm weather
looking for such sounds with a 1/2" mic and a spectrum analyzer that
detected up to about 50 kHz. Besides the usual Ohio fall crickets, etc.
there was a persistent 5.8 kHz emission and an occasional 16 kHz emission
on and off. These were detectable all about the yard and stronger within
some old mature trees.
She said she heard them ( better than I ever did), but they were not
her main complaint.. The 5800 Hz signal was at a level varying from 40 to
over 50 dB. I'm not sure of the normal human threshold for the frequency.
But I do know that noise damage to cochlear nerves destroys this frequency
range first, so I did not hear it. The lady's hearing test result had been
that she has good high frequency hearing.
...clip...

I do not have any candidate insect, but a notice. Most sound level meters
have
AC-output (amplified signal from microphone). In similar situations I have
used good quality headphones - and an extra small battery operated amplifier
with 10 dB step volume control - to make all possible canditate sounds
audible
(and amplified) to my own ear. When a candidate is detected, one can try to
find the source by raking candidate surfaces/spaces and simultaneously
listening the sound (volume changes) and following changes in sound level
and
spectral peaks/shape (level increases when one is approaching the source).

Kari Pesonen

PS.
The ear is in many times the best and fastest instrument to recognize and
identify
sources or sound components. One can easily recognize a violin from the
sound
of a big orchestra. It helps much, if one have heard the source (violin)
earlier.
For example, an experienced ear can recognize rather easily cavitating
valve,
pump or fan noises in process plant noises.
Angelo Campanella
2009-09-18 15:31:44 UTC
Permalink
Post by Kari Pesonen
Post by Angelo Campanella
I just cam back from investigating a situation where a lady was
complaining of sounds that did not cease, typically faint high frequency
sounds within her house and at its outside perimeter. Tinnitus aside
(arbitrary whether she has tinnitus; if so, it's incipient and certainly
not outstanding), I spent an hour or two in nice late summer calm weather
looking for such sounds with a 1/2" mic and a spectrum analyzer that
detected up to about 50 kHz. Besides the usual Ohio fall crickets, etc.
there was a persistent 5.8 kHz emission and an occasional 16 kHz emission
on and off. These were detectable all about the yard and stronger within
some old mature trees.
She said she heard them ( better than I ever did), but they were not
her main complaint.. The 5800 Hz signal was at a level varying from 40 to
over 50 dB. I'm not sure of the normal human threshold for the frequency.
But I do know that noise damage to cochlear nerves destroys this
frequency range first, so I did not hear it. The lady's hearing test
result had been that she has good high frequency hearing.
...clip...
I do not have any candidate insect, but a notice.
I found two papers on such noise. :

1- "Supersonic Insects" W. H. Pielemeier, JASA 17 (4) April, 1946,
pp337-338. He indicates a few Cetral pennsylvanis insects such as meadow
grasshoppers. The male grasshopper has a file (180 teeth) under the inner
edge of its left wing and a scraper pointing upward at the inner edge of its
right wing. The left wing folds above the right wing. "singing" is a
vibratory motion of 1/2 to 1mm amplitude. The wigtips move very little.A
tympanum is apparently nearby(?). The resulting frequency is about 8.3 kHz.
The peak frequency is about 14 kHzfor Orchilimum vulgare and 38 to 40 kHz
for the small meadow geasshopper. The tympanum make make two or three
oscilaationd between teeth scrapes, so the radiated sound frequency is not
well related to the teeth scraping rate (Pielemeier).

2- "Ultrasonic Ambient Noise in Tropical Jungles", John Saby & A Thorp,
JASA 18 (2) Occtober, 1946, pp 271-273. They measured the broad band diurnal
spectrum and intensity up to about 25 kHz of such sounds in the Panama Canal
Zone. One result was that the jungle ultrasonic intensity was greatest in
the early evening, peaking around 9pm.. It was least at noon.
Post by Kari Pesonen
Most sound level meters have
AC-output (amplified signal from microphone). In similar situations I have
used good quality headphones - and an extra small battery operated amplifier
with 10 dB step volume control - to make all possible canditate sounds
audible
(and amplified) to my own ear. When a candidate is detected, one can try to
find the source by raking candidate surfaces/spaces and simultaneously
listening the sound (volume changes) and following changes in sound level
and
spectral peaks/shape (level increases when one is approaching the source).
Good work.

Ange

Loading...